Is there a standard for a base station antenna?The BSA’s influence on coverage, capacity, and QoS is extensive, and yet there exists no comprehensive, global, standard focusing on the base station antenna. The purpose of this whitepaper is to address this gap. In particular, the following topics will be covered in various degrees of detail:.
What is the operating environment of a base station antenna?The operating environment of base station antennas is classified as remote, stationary, outdoor, uncontrolled and not weather-protected. The electromagnetic environment includes close proximity to intentionally radiating devices and installation on structures prone to lightning strikes.
What is the power consumption of a base station?The power consumption of each base station is considered about the number of mobile subscribers and random mobility to minimize the energy-saving cost of the cellular network.
What are the standardized energy-saving metrics for a base station?(1) Energy-saving reward: after choosing a shallower sleep strategy for a base station, the system may save more energy if a deeper sleep mode can be chosen, and in this paper, the standardized energy-saving metrics are defined as (18) R i e = E S M = 0 − E S M = i E S M = 0 − E S M = 3.
Why does network sensitivity affect the energy consumption of base stations?In addition, the high sensitivity of the existing policies to network conditions during the period when the network load is relatively smooth may lead to unnecessary and frequent switching of the sleep mode of the base stations, thus adding non-negligible additional energy consumption.
What is a BSA antenna reference system?The antenna reference system is identified by a distinctive physical characteristic of the BSA, to which some other parameters make reference. It is specified in degrees and shall, if necessary, be indicated on the antenna as we
Jun 27, 2024 · In this paper, we investigate coverage enhancement, base station (BS) association, and BS handover management schemes for cellular-connected unmanned aerial veh
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Dec 8, 2023 · A 5G base station is a complex system that integrates advanced RF technology, digital signal processing, and network architecture to deliver
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May 16, 2024 · Base stations and cell towers are critical components of cellular communication systems, serving as the infrastructure that supports seamless
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Jul 10, 2025 · NGMN Alliance has released new guidance aimed at simplifying the procurement, testing, and deployment of base station antennas—a key element in mobile communications
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Oct 29, 2024 · A base station control algorithm based on Multi-Agent Proximity Policy Optimization (MAPPO) is designed. In the constructed 5G UDN model, each base station is
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At COMPUTEX 2025, the MOEA unveiled its Tech Hub to showcase 30 innovative technologies, highlighting the world-leading B5G/6G Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) base station system and
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Nov 20, 2024 · In modern telecommunications systems, the base station antenna stands out as an undeniable and crucial component to facilitate our daily
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Mar 27, 2025 · With the development of 6G and beyond, space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs) have evolved into key elements to promote high-speed and seamless connections
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Mar 29, 2021 · Ultra-Dense Network (UDN) has become a key technology in 5G communication systems. By deploying low power micro base stations (BSs) densely and flexibly to reduce the
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Aug 1, 2023 · An energy consumption optimization strategy of 5G base stations (BSs) considering variable threshold sleep mechanism (ECOS-BS) is proposed, which includes the initial
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Apr 13, 2025 · This paper discusses the site optimization technology of mobile communication network, especially in the aspects of enhancing coverage and optimizing base station layout.
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Sep 28, 2024 · To make full use of spectrum resource, this paper proposes a user association algorithm in multi-band millimeter wave network, which maximizes the weighted total rate of
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Jan 25, 2023 · 1 INTRODUCTION With the explosive development of the millimetre-wave (mmWave) mobile telecommunication industry, the ever
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Jun 16, 2022 · In 5G networks, because the bandwidth that a Base Station (BS) can provide is limited, the data transfer between BS and User Equipment (UE) is one of the biggest
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Apr 11, 2024 · Energy efficiency-based approaches also impact network coverage and throughput. Therefore, developing an energy-efficient network with optimal coverage and
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Aug 15, 2009 · A cellular network is composed of a web of base stations, each covering a delimited area (cell) and routing communications in the form of
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Aug 31, 2023 · Considering that one of the goals of the future network generations is to provide ubiquitous communication in the most diverse scenarios to achieve high connection coverage,
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Aug 16, 2021 · With the increasing amounts of terminal equipment with higher requirements of communication quality in the emerging fifth generation mobile
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Dusseldorf, Germany, 09 July 2025 – The procurement, testing and deployment of base station antennas – a critical component in the delivery of mobile communications – will be simpler for
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Mar 20, 2011 · Environmental protection is a global concern, and for telecom operators and equipment vendors worldwide, developing green, energy
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Sep 30, 2021 · A performance analysis of base station (BS) association strategies is conducted in this paper for an industrial fifth generation (5G) network comprising a mobil
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Aug 16, 2022 · Base station is a stationary trans-receiver that serves as the primary hub for connectivity of wireless device communication.
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Mar 5, 2024 · The ground-based network consists of terrestrial base stations and mobile networks, providing network services to densely populated areas such
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Dec 18, 2020 · This paper aims to minimize the long-term outage probability of an mmWave communication network by optimizing the base station (BS) deployment and user association.
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Jun 11, 2025 · This invention proposes a base station (BS) deployment scheme and a user association scheme to reduce the long-term outage probability of a
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Sep 1, 2024 · In this paper, a distributed collaborative optimization approach is proposed for power distribution and communication networks with 5G base stations. Firstly, the model of 5G
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Jan 16, 2014 · Index Terms Energy-efficient, cellular system, user association, base station operation, flow-level dynamics, greedy algorithms; I. INTRODUCTION Energy-efficient design
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Mar 19, 2023 · I. INTRODUCTION With the evolution of information and communication technology (ICT), mobile data traffic is forecasted to grow rapidly [1], raising rigorous
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Jan 5, 2021 · Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have attracted lots of attention because of their high mobility and low cost. This article investigates a communication system assisted
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Jun 1, 2021 · In order to connect more user devices and provide higher data rates, ultra-dense network (UDN) is considered as a promising technology in 5G, which can avoid blind spots by
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Jan 18, 2022 · Base stations are central hubs of connections in different sectors and support networking, communication, and transmitting data. Integration of
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Apr 22, 2024 · A base station is an integral component of wireless communication networks, serving as a central point that manages the transmission and
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Dec 1, 2021 · 5G network architecture is a vast improvement upon previous architectures. Huge leaps in performance are made possible by large cell-dense networks. One of the features of
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Jul 27, 2023 · This whitepaper addresses the performance criteria of base station antennas, by making recommendations on standards for electrical and mechanical parameters, by providing
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Jun 28, 2017 · Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication technologies have recently emerged as an attractive solution to meet the exponentially increasing demand on mobile data traffic.
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Nov 1, 2022 · The increasing energy consumption is a legacy of the fast improvement of ICT (Information and Communication Technology). It is also contrary to the current energy
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The BSA’s influence on coverage, capacity, and QoS is extensive, and yet there exists no comprehensive, global, standard focusing on the base station antenna. The purpose of this whitepaper is to address this gap. In particular, the following topics will be covered in various degrees of detail:
The operating environment of base station antennas is classified as remote, stationary, outdoor, uncontrolled and not weather-protected. The electromagnetic environment includes close proximity to intentionally radiating devices and installation on structures prone to lightning strikes.
The power consumption of each base station is considered about the number of mobile subscribers and random mobility to minimize the energy-saving cost of the cellular network.
(1) Energy-saving reward: after choosing a shallower sleep strategy for a base station, the system may save more energy if a deeper sleep mode can be chosen, and in this paper, the standardized energy-saving metrics are defined as (18) R i e = E S M = 0 − E S M = i E S M = 0 − E S M = 3
In addition, the high sensitivity of the existing policies to network conditions during the period when the network load is relatively smooth may lead to unnecessary and frequent switching of the sleep mode of the base stations, thus adding non-negligible additional energy consumption.
The antenna reference system is identified by a distinctive physical characteristic of the BSA, to which some other parameters make reference. It is specified in degrees and shall, if necessary, be indicated on the antenna as well.
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